Furthermore, two biopics of Tolkien himself were developed, with Searchlight's Tolkien debuting in 2019. In 2017, Amazon co-operated with New Line to acquire the television rights to adapt a new prequel show set in a period glimpsed during a flashback in The Lord of the Rings films, while in 2020 New Line began development on an animated spinoff film, The War of the Rohirrim. New Line Cinema released the first part of director Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings film series in 2001 as part of a trilogy and several actors and roles were introduced once again in a trilogy in The Hobbit film series.
Other filmmakers and producers who were interested in an adaptation included Walt Disney, Al Brodax, Forrest J Ackerman, Samuel Gelfman, Denis O'Dell (who contacted David Lean, Stanley Kubrick and Michelangelo Antonioni to direct), and Heinz Edelmann. During this time, filmmakers who attempted to adapt Tolkien's works include William Snyder, Peter Shaffer, John Boorman, Ralph Bakshi, Peter Jackson and Guillermo del Toro. The rights to adapt Tolkien's works passed through the hands of several studios, having been briefly leased to Rembrandt films before being sold perpetually to United Artists, who then passed them in part to Saul Zaentz (which did business as Middle-earth Enterprises). In 1978 the first big screen adaptation of the fictional setting was introduced in the animated The Lord of the Rings, paving the way for live-action adaptations beginning in 2001 and ultimately culminating in a TV prequel series to be released in late 2022.
While animated and live-action shorts were made in 19, the first commercial depiction of the book onscreen was in an animated TV special in 1977. There were many early failed attempts to bring the fictional universe to life in screen, some even rejected by the author himself, who was skeptical of the prospects of an adaptation. The Hobbit (1937) and The Lord of the Rings (1954–55) have been the subject of various film adaptations, whether for cinema or for television.
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