Besides the variety of basic mechanisms, microphones can be designed with different directional patterns.
Abstract: The ribbon microphone lends itself as a good example to use for education of multi-physics computer modeling and simulation. Even so, ribbon microphones typically have lower sensitivity (i.e. Even so, ribbon microphones typically have lower sensitivity than a moving coil dynamic microphone. RIBBON MICROPHONES The ribbon microphone was popular in the early days of audio back in the 1930s, '40s and '50s. (For background, see Wikipedia's page on microphones and the comprehensive microphones section on GSU's Hyperphysics site.) But he did not invent it. When located in a sound field, its output is an electrical signal that reproduces the sound pressure variations that it senses. Microphones convert acoustical energy (sound waves) into electrical energy (the audio signal). Regardless of what you may have, the placement of the mics becomes the most important thing. The ribbon microphone inherently offered dipole directionality and improvements and variations of the ribbon element to obtain cardioid and hypercardioid patterns were developed by Olson at RCA.8 Microphone directivity was desired in radio broadcasting for more spatial attenua- tion between the separate sources and for increased robust-ness against acoustic feedback in public address systems.
This gives you the additional headroom you need to record louder sources like close-miked drums without distortion. The complete model can be used to illustrate the importance of impedance matching and noise suppression. Where to start though? Audiophiles love to experiment with it and derive different sounding using different technical means. Most small-diaphragm mics will audibly distort in front of loud sound sources, but the Slate Digital ML-2 modeling mic has a built-in modification to get around that reality of physics. However, the polar pattern is never the same at all frequencies (except for a ribbon mic's figure-8 pattern). Music Technology Projects - Foundation provides a pathway to Music Technology Level 3.
"The Austin Ribbon Mic build at CRAS is a one-of-a-kind, real-life experience that students will remember and refer to always." Added Kirt Hamm, CRAS administrator, "Our students are always thrilled when they have such opportunities available to them because it is an everlasting learning experience. The bars are thin (A lot thinner than the magnets are), so the effect on the frequency response is favorable. to induce a changing current from the pressure variations of sound.
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